南京市氮氧化物排放行业分布特征及减排对策

采用污染源普查资料与实地调查相结合的方法,对南京市各行业氮氧化物(NOx)排放源及排放量进行调查和梳理。结果表明:各行业NO x排放分担率依次为电力41%、机动车25%、钢铁10%、水泥9%、石化7%、其它工业5%、居民生活3%。针对南京市现状,对重点排放源提出了NO x减排措施与对策。     

油烟净化器使用过程中的问题及处理方法

随着人民环保意识的提高,国家法律、法规要求的加强,饭馆、餐厅均对油烟采取了治理措施;在日常工作中对饭馆、餐厅油烟净化器使用进行调查发现,油烟净化器使用过程中存在二次污染及闲置的问题。本文通过调查分析查找到了原因,并提出应对措施。这对改善油烟净化器使用现状、提高环境质量、促进社会和谐具有建设性意义。     

上海市环保行政审批系统的设计与实现

上海市环保局行政审批系统采用流程控制和数据传输交换技术,构建了申报系统、审批系统、业务管理系统、跟踪监控系统四部分,实现了包括建设项目环评、固废、辐射等15项行政审批和23项非行政审批事项的“一口受理、一办到底”,通过信息技术实现了外网申报、内网审批,实现了环保审批流程优化再造和审批全过程公开透明,实现了“便民审批”、“高效审批”、“阳光审批”。     

环境中铅、汞离子污染对自闭症儿童的影响研究

自闭症是一种小儿广泛性的发育障碍。目前关于自闭症的研究多是从社会、心理及生物学角度进行讨论,而对环境污染对自闭症患儿产生的影响没有过多关注。针对该问题,综述了铅、汞离子在环境中的污染状况以及空气、水与食物中铅、汞离子污染的水平,探讨人体铅、汞离子暴露途径及其对儿童自闭症的影响。提出应加强对环境中铅、汞离子污染的研究,开展人体铅、汞离子暴露的潜在风险评估,为保证居民尤其是婴幼儿的健康提供科学依据。     

糖蜜酒精厂环境保护验收清洁生产评价研究

糖蜜是糖厂榨糖后的副产品,含有可发酵性的糖45％∽52％,是直接用于发酵生产酒精的较好的原料.文章以广西某糖蜜酒精厂为例,在调查了解酒精厂生产工艺与装备、资源能源利用指标、污染物产生指标、废物回收利用率和环境管理要求等五个方面的基础上,认真细致分析环境保护竣工验收监测数据及生产报表数据,按照（HJ 581-2010）《清洁生产标准酒精制造业》（国家环境保护部）的要求对酒精厂清洁生产水平进行评价,并根据评价结果提出进一步提高清洁生产水平的建议和要求.     

Origin of major ions in monthly rainfall events at the Bamenda Highlands, North West Cameroon

Rainwater characteristics can reveal emissions from various anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly rainfall events （collected between January and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, Ndop plain, Ndawara and Kumbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were investigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability of the rainwater for drinking. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly acidic nature of the rainwater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order K＋ 〉 Ca2＋ 〉 Mg2~ 〉 Na＋ for cations and NO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The average rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/Na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that N a＋ and CI originated mainly from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to Na＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The K＋/Na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation ash （2.38）, and NO3 was essentially from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon convective rains were enriched in major ions than the heavy （〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low convective showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.     

Molecular characterization and developmental expression patterns of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and their responsiveness to TR agonist and antagonist in Rana nigromaculata

Considering some advantages of Rana nigromaculata as an experimental species, we propose that this species, like Xenopus laevis, could be used to assay thyroid hormone（TH） signaling disrupting actions. To validate the utilizability of R. nigromaculata, we investigated the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to a TH receptor（TR） agonist（T3） and antagonist（amiodarone） by analyzing expression, based on characterizing TR cDNA and developmental expression patterns. With high levels of identity with the corresponding genes in X. laevis, both TRα and TRβ in R. nigromaculata exhibited roughly similar developmental expression patterns to those of X. laevis, in spite of some species-specific differences. Both TRα and TRβ expression had greater changes in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis. T3 exposure for 2 days induced more dramatic increases of TRβ expression in stage 27 than in stage34 tadpoles but not in stage 42 tadpoles, showing that the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to TH decreased with development and disappeared at the onset of metamorphic climax.Corresponding to greater changes of TRβ expression in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis, the liver and intestine had higher responsiveness to exogenous T3 than the tail and brain. Amiodarone inhibited T3-induced TRβ expression. Our results show that R. nigromaculata can be used as a model species for assaying TH signaling disrupting actions by analyzing TRβ expression, and intestine tissues at stage 27 are ideal test materials due to high responsiveness and easy accessibility.     

Fuelwood assessment at the micro-watershed level:a case study in Garhwal Himalaya,India

Biomass,as fuelwood,is one of the major sources of energy in rural areas,especially in the mountainous regions of the world.As the increasing human population exerts more pressure on the forest thereby inducing an adverse effect on the sustainability of the ecosystem,which consequently causes fuelwood crisis at a local level,this crisis is spatio-temporal in nature.Thus,the major objective of this study is to assess the sustainability of fuelwood at different probable scenarios at a micro watershed level.The present study was conducted in the Phakot watershed,the Tehri Garhwal district of central Himalaya in India,during 2006-2008.Based on the vegetation composition in the study area,the net primary productivity(NPP)value of the Oak forest,and mixed oak and sal forests,was used for the quantification of fuelwood availability in evergreen and deciduous forests,respectively.The fuelwood demand was calculated on the basis of seasonal fuelwood consumption values.Nine probable permutations for availability-demand scenarios assuming the existence of high(H),low(L)and average(A)conditions were analyzed for evaluating the stress.The available annual harvestable fuelwood in the watershed is in the minimum and maximum ranges of 2283.28 to 4066.00 tons,respectively,per year whereas it has a demand of 110.76 tons as the minimum to 3659 tons as the maximum annually.This shows that in the current availabilitydemand scenario,the watershed does not have fuelwood crisis in the present situation but needs to maintain the sustainability of the system.Based on our study,it is concluded that,globally,more spatio-temporal study is required to understand the issues at the local level.     

基于代谢产物调控的活性污泥沉淀性能控制原理研究

通过对不同沉降性能活性污泥的胞外聚合物(EPS)进行荧光特性分析,探讨了荧光强度峰值、荧光区域积分等参数与污泥沉降性能的关系.研究表明,典型波长下荧光强度峰值与污泥沉降性能之间有很好关联性,据此,建立了微生物典型代谢产物与沉淀性能的调控曲线即活性污泥的安全操作线与微生物代谢状态曲线,确立了活性污泥沉淀性能调控区域即高代谢产物区可获得良好的固液分离效果.研究成果从微生物代谢的角度揭示了絮体结构的调控方法,具有重要的理论意义.